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<p>C 源代码可以用任何包含 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_646" class="extiw" title="enwiki:ISO 646">ISO 646:1983</a> 不变量字符集的 8 位字符集书写，即使是非 ASCII 字符集。然而，数个 C 运算符和标点在 ISO 646 代码集外：<code>{, }, [, ], #, \, ^, |, ~</code>。为能使用所有这些符号不存在于其中字符编码（例如德文 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_66003">DIN 66003</a> ），有二种可能：另一种使用这些字符集的运算符拼写，或二或三个 ISO 646 兼容字符的特殊组合，会像单个非 ISO 646 字符般转译它们。
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.90.E7.AE.97.E7.AC.A6.E5.AE.8F.28C95.29">运算符宏<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></h2>
<p>有使用非 ISO 646 字符的替用拼写，作为宏定义于 <code><b>&lt;iso646.h&gt;</b></code> ：
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>定义于头文件 <code>&lt;iso646.h&gt;</code> </div>
</td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
<td>  基本
</td>
<td> 替用
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>&amp;&amp;</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>and</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>&amp;=</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>and_eq</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>&amp;</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>bitand</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>|</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>bitor</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>~</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>compl</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>!</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>not</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>!=</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>not_eq</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>||</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>or</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>|=</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>or_eq</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>^</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>xor</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>


<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span><code>^=</code></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   <code>xor_eq</code>  <br> <span class="t-mark">(运算符宏)</span>
</td></tr>

</table>
<p>字符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy3">&amp;</span></span></span> 及 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy3">!</span></span></span> 在 ISO-646 下不变，但仍然为这些运算符提供替用写法，以使用这些字符适应更加受限的历史字符集。
</p><p>没有等于运算符的替用拼写 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy1">==</span></span></span> ，因为字符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> 已在所有受支持字符集中存在。
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.9B.BF.E7.94.A8.E8.AE.B0.E5.8F.B7.28C95.29">替用记号<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></h2>
<p>下列替用记号是核心语言的一部分，而且在语言的所有方面，每个替用记号表现准确等同于其基本记号，除了其拼写（<a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="c/preprocessor/replace">字符串化运算符</a>可令拼写可见）。双字另种记号有时被称为“双标符”。
</p><p><br>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">

<tr style="text-align: left;">
<th> 基本
</th>
<th> 替用
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>{</code> </td>
<td> <code>&lt;%</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code></code>} </td>
<td> <code>%&gt;</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>[</code> </td>
<td> <code>&lt;:</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>]</code> </td>
<td> <code>:&gt;</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>#</code> </td>
<td> <code>%:</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>##</code> </td>
<td> <code>%:%:</code>
</td></tr></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.B8.89.E6.A0.87.E7.AC.A6">三标符</span></h2>
<p>下列三字符组（三标符）<a href="translation_phases.html" title="c/language/translation phases">在注释前分析并在字符串字面量中得到辨认</a>，而且每个三标符的出现会被对应的基本字符取代：
</p>
<table class="wikitable">

<tr style="text-align: left;">
<th> 基本
</th>
<th> 三标符
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>{</code> </td>
<td> <code>??&lt;</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code></code>} </td>
<td> <code>??&gt;</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>[</code> </td>
<td> <code>??(</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>]</code> </td>
<td> <code>??)</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>#</code> </td>
<td> <code>??=</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>\</code> </td>
<td> <code>??/</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>^</code> </td>
<td> <code>??'</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>|</code> </td>
<td> <code>??!</code>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>~</code> </td>
<td> <code>??-</code>
</td></tr></table>
<p>因为三标符在早期处理，故如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="co1">// Will the next line be executed?????/</span></span></span> 的注释可以有效地注释掉下一行，且如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">"What's going on??!"</span></span></span> 的字符串字面量被分析成 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">"What's going on|"</span></span></span> 。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><p>下例演示来自 <code><b>&lt;iso646.h&gt;</b></code> 的替用运算符拼写，以及双标符和三标符的使用。
首个命令行参数， argv[1] ，要求用引号标注： ", World!" 。</p><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy4">:</span>include <span class="sy1">&lt;</span>stdlib.<span class="me1">h</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span>
<span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy4">:</span>include <span class="sy1">&lt;</span>stdio.<span class="me1">h</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span>
<span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy4">:</span>include <span class="sy1">&lt;</span>iso646.<span class="me1">h</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> argc, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> argv<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="sy4">??</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>
    <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>argc <span class="sy1">&gt;</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> and argv<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="sy4">:</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">:</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span> not_eq <a href="../types/NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>
    <span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="sy2">%</span>
       <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Hello%s<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, argv<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="sy4">:</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">:</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span>
 
    <span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="../program/EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw493">EXIT_SUCCESS</span></a><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="sy4">??</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span></pre></div></div>
<p>可能的输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">Hello, World!</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table>

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